Training Course
Terminal Controller course

Skills

Welcome to the Terminal Controller course! 

Terminal Control, sometimes abbreviated as TMA or TCA and also known as Approach Control (APP), mainly handles IFR traffic operating into and out of an airport and sometimes enroute traffic. Approach control marshals departing aircraft from shortly after take-off to their enroute phase of flight, at which point they are handed off to the enroute (ENR) controller. Approach control also accepts arrivals from ENR and directs them towards the final approach to a runway. They are handed off to the aerodrome (TWR) controller (or, sometimes, to an arrivals director during busy events). At busy aerodromes, particularly during events, Approach Control can have one controller handling departures (DEP) and another handling approach (APP).

It is demanding to take many aircraft from all directions and sequence them onto the final approach. The required training is as intense as anything found on VATSIM.

This course provides a basic understanding of approach control and outlines the responsibilities of the different control positions. 

On achieving your Approach Control rating, you'll be able to control the following positions within VATNZ airspace:

  • Approach (APP)
  • Departure (DEP)
  • Towers with Procedural Approach control (TWR) - however, note the recommendation below.

Theory component:

The course materials are studied, followed by a written examination. Candidates must score 80% or better to progress to the practical training. The 72-hour stand-down rule applies between attempts.

Practical component:

Training is conducted using EuroScope on the ATC simulator as NZAA_APP. At the instructor's discretion, students may undertake online mentoring sessions on NZAA_APP. An endorsement to practise solo on NZAA_APP is available to provide students with operational experience before the final practical examination. Students must gain proficiency (not necessarily mastery) in each lesson before proceeding to the next.

Lesson 1: Setup, SOPs

 Session Type: General Discussion

Topics:

  1. Review of the written examination 
  2. Auckland TMA SOPs, including coordination between relevant TWRs (NZAA, NZWP) and ENR (NZAA_CTR and NZCH-B_CTR)
  3. Types of departures and associated aids to navigation
  4. Types of approaches and associated aids to navigation
  5. Introduction to, or review of, procedural approach control theory and practice (this will take several sessions if the student does not hold the Procedural Approach Control endorsement)
  6. TWR top-down principles (NZAA, NZWP)

 

Lesson 2: IFR Departures

Session Type: Simulator

Topics:

  1. Set up EuroScope for approach control
  2. Assuming and releasing or transferring tags, including to and from uncontrolled airspace, and issuing squawk codes.
  3. Radar identification on departure
  4. Climb instructions (cancelling SID or speed and altitude restrictions) and terrain clearance
  5. Notification, coordination and transfer (handing off)
  6. Brief introduction to arrival traffic with no enroute controller online
 
Lesson 3: Arrivals from south and east
 
Session Type: Simulator
 
Topics:
 
  1. Arrival information (e.g. ATIS) and issuing squawk codes if required
  2. Separation requirements (e.g. visual, vertical, radar)
  3. Terrain clearance
  4. STAR and non-standard arrivals
  5. Level instructions
  6. Radar vectoring
  7. Instrument approaches (ILS, RNP)
  8. Speed control and speed restrictions 
  9. Missed approaches
  10. Frequency change instructions/handoff and coordination

 

Lesson 4: Arrivals from north and west 
 
Session Type: Simulator
 
Topics:
 
  1. Arrival information (e.g. ATIS) and issuing squawk codes if required
  2. Separation requirements (e.g. visual, vertical, radar)
  3. Terrain clearance
  4. STAR and non-standard arrivals
  5. Level instructions
  6. Radar vectoring
  7. Instrument approaches (ILS, RNP)
  8. Speed control and speed restrictions 
  9. Missed approaches
  10. Frequency change instructions/handoff and coordination

 

Lesson 5: Arrivals from all directions
 
Session Type: Simulator
 
Topics:
 
  1. Arrival information (e.g. ATIS) and issuing squawk codes if required
  2. Separation requirements (e.g. visual, vertical, radar)
  3. Terrain clearance
  4. STAR and non-standard arrivals
  5. Level instructions
  6. Radar vectoring
  7. Instrument approaches (ILS, RNP)
  8. Speed control and speed restrictions 
  9. Missed approaches
  10. Frequency change instructions/handoff and coordination
 
Lesson 6: Uncontrolled aerodromes under controlled airspace
 
  1. Departures from uncontrolled airspace (NZAR and NZNE)
  2. Arrivals into uncontrolled airspace (NZAR and NZNE)
  3. Traffic information
  4. Frequency change instructions 
  5. Termination of flight plans

 

Lesson 7: Controlled VFR and Radar Monitoring
 
Session type: Simulator
 
        1. Controlled VFR in TMA
        2. Radar monitoring
 

Lesson 8: Consolidation

Session Type: Simulator

Topics:
 
  1. Arrival information (e.g. ATIS) and issuing squawk codes if required
  2. Separation requirements (e.g. visual, vertical, radar)
  3. Terrain clearance
  4. STAR and non-standard arrivals
  5. Level instructions
  6. Radar vectoring
  7. Holding
  8. Instrument approaches (ILS, RNP)
  9. Speed control and speed restrictions 
  10. Missed approaches
  11. Frequency change instructions/handoff and coordination
  12. Controlled VFR
  13. Uncontrolled aerodromes
 

Lesson 9: Network Connection 1 - Auckland


Session Type: Online

Student logs onto NZAA_APP. Mentor must log onto NZAA_M_APP or NZAA_I_APP

Topics:

1. All topics. Students may be granted endorsement to practise solo when they are near the standard required for a preassessment
2. Top-down controlling (if no tower online)
3. Network experience

Lesson 10: Christchurch Familiarisation

Session Type: Simulator and Online

Topics:
1. All Topics
2. NZCH Experience
3. NZCH SOPs

 

Lesson 11: Wellington Familiarisation

Session Type: Simulator and Online

Topics:
1. All Topics
2. NZWN Experience
3. NZWN SOPs

 

 

Lesson 12: Queenstown Familiarisation

Session Type: Simulator and Online

Topics:
1. All Topics
2. NZQN Experience
3. NZQN SOPs

 

Lesson 13: Preassessment

Session Type: Simulator and Online


 Practical Examination

Session Type: Simulator
Comments: Practical examination covering all topics per the VATSIM GCAP.

Awarded On Completion

  • Terminal (Approach) Controller (VATSIM S3) rating

Mentors

  • Fenton Loveday – Training Manager/Senior Instructor
  • Ben Marling – Instructor
  • Gary Parata – Training Director/Senior Instructor
  • James Stuart – Instructor

Requirements

To enrol in this course you must meet the following requirements:

RequirementMinimum
Minimum Controller RatingTower Controller
Controller Hours60
Completed Aerodrome Controller courseYes
Controller Hours since completing Aerodrome Controller course30
DivisionMust be a member of one of the following divisions:
  • Australia/Pacific (VATPAC)
  • New Zealand (VATNZ)

Amplifications to the requirements:

  • Candidates must have held the Aerodrome Controller rating for at least one month.
  • Candidates must have operated TWR (aerodrome control) positions across at least three aerodromes.
  • Time as an aerodrome controller on DEL or GND positions does not count towards the 30-hour requirement.

Restriction:

  • Despite the Division Requirement above, VATPAC members are not permitted to enrol in this course. They must undertake training with the VATPAC ATC Training Academy. The statement is generated due to qualified VATPAC S3 controllers being allowed automated access to the VATNZ terminal control training materials by mutual agreement.

Recommendation:

  • While holding the Procedural Approach control endorsement is not mandatory to enrol in this course, it is highly recommended.